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Mercury (Hg), commonly called quicksilver, is one of the most hazardous elements found in our environment. Toxic levels of mercury can cause a variety of health problems, including nerve damage and impaired cognitive abilities. Luckily, regulatory action and public awareness are improving public health and creating a healthier environment for all.
Mercury can be released into the air as an elemental form, or from deposits in the soil. It is often released through human activity, such as burning coal for energy and smelting metals. In addition, mercury can be released from landfills and incinerators, as well as from industrial plants or factories. Once in the atmosphere, mercury is transported by the wind, and eventually ends up in the environment.
In the environment, mercury is found in both its elemental form and in compounds. It is commonly found in sea and fresh water, soil, and plants. This elemental mercury can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption. Mercury can have serious effects on human health, depending on the type, duration and amount of exposure.
Elemental mercury is the most common form and poses a high health risk when inhaled. Elemental mercury vapor can affect the respiratory system and can cause respiratory, brain, kidney and neurological symptoms. Prolonged inhaling of high levels of elemental mercury can cause neurological and psychological symptoms, including memory loss, hearing loss, slurred speech and insomnia.
Mercury compounds, such as methyl mercury and dimethyl mercury, are also toxic and can cause health problems when ingested. These compounds accumulate in the food chain, making their way from small organisms, to fish, and eventually to humans. Long-term exposure to these compounds can damage the kidneys or nervous system and cause developmental delays, motor problems and birth defects.
The good news is, public awareness, regulatory action and research are helping reduce the impact of mercury on both the environment and our health. Government agencies in the United States, like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are working to reduce the use of mercury and promote environmentally safe disposal. In addition, scientists and activists are researching the effects of mercury contamination, looking for ways to reduce exposure and promote public health.
Despite the challenges posed by this element, mercury can be managed properly in order to protect human health and the environment. By reducing emissions, limiting human exposure, and research, we can reduce the negative impacts of mercury on our health, and keep the environment safe.
