Steel Grades
Steel grades refer to steel products with a set of specific chemical and physical properties that are adapted for specific applications. Steel grades are used by different manufacturers and metallurgists to determine the properties of steel products. Depending on the grade used, different properties can be achieved ranging from high to low strength, and also different levels of hardness. Grades are generally divided into two categories: carbon steel and alloy steel. In some cases, grades are also divided into heat-treatable categories such as tool steel and structural steel.
The most common type of steel grades is the one used for carbon steels. This type of steel is divided into four categories: low carbon, medium carbon, high carbon, and ultra-high carbon. Carbon steels with a low carbon content are malleable and ductile and are used in the production of auto parts, pipes, and structural components. Medium-carbon steel has a slightly higher carbon content, which allows it to be stronger while retaining malleability. The high-carbon steel has a broad range of applications and is highly formable. It is typically used in cutting tools and springs. Ultra-high carbon steel is the strongest and is often used to make swords and knives.
Alloy steels are steel products with a combination of two or more of iron, carbon, and other elements. Generally, adding different types of elements can enhance the properties of steel products. Alloy steel grades can be divided into different categories such as stainless steel, tool steel, and high-speed steel. Stainless steel contains elements such as chromium and nickel, which give the material its resistance to corrosion. Tool steel has excellent hardness and strength and is often used for manufacturing tools such as cutters, reamers and dies. High-speed steel is used for fast, precise cutting and often used for parts that require a fine finish.
Steel grades are designated by a numerical and alphabetic system. In most cases, steel grades have a four-digit number followed by a letter, such as A-242 or 3140. The four-digit number represents the alloy content and the letter indicates the type of steel (carbon, alloy, tool, or stainless). Metallurgists may also use their own numbering system, which often includes an extra digit or letter on steel grades to further differentiate the product.
Apart from numerical and alphabetic systems, steel grades may also be identified by brand names or trademarks. In the case of alloy steels, the brand name of the steel may include the products by well-known producers, such as Böhler, ThyssenKrupp, or Uddeholm. Each manufacturer has its own set of proprietary steel grades and brand names, which can make it difficult to identify the exact composition and characteristics of steel when purchasing from multiple suppliers.
Steel grades play an important role in determining the properties and uses of steel products. Different grades of steel are used for diverse applications based on their properties, such as strength and hardness. Although there are numerous classification systems for steel grades, for most projects it is best to consult with a metallurgist who can help identify the best steel grade for each application.
