（3000即可）
Introduction
Stainless steel grade 316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2) is an austenitic chromium-nickelmolybdenum stainless steel that provides good pitting and crevice corrosion resistance and has excellent formability and weldability. It is highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, making it suitable for high temperatures and aggressive applications. The combination of high hardness and corrosion resistance allow it to be used in numerous industries, including oil and gas, chemical, automotive, and construction.
Composition and Performance
Molybdenum is the key alloying element in Grade 316L and is responsible for improving
the resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and general corrosion. The addition of molybdenum also increases the hardness of the steel. The higher level of molybdenum, along with the higher chromium content, also gives it better moisture resistance compared to other austenitic grade steel and makes it suitable for higher temperatures and stressed environments. The low amount of carbon found in grade 316L keeps the steel from becoming sensitised – it does not have increased susceptibility to sensitisation and intergranular corrosion.
In terms of performance and properties, grade 316L is a highly corrosion resistant alloy which is useful in applications such as petroleum production and refining, medical implants, food manufacturing, nuclear plants, chemical and paper industries, pulp and chemical production. It is also suitable for sea water and brackish water environments. Grade 316L has a higher resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and general corrosion compared to other austenitic stainless steel grades. Additionally, it exhibits excellent formability and weldability due to its higher carbon and molybdenum content, resulting in improved mechanical properties, toughness, and better creep resistance than other austenitic stainless steel grades.
Weldability and welding properties
Due to its high molybdenum content, Grade 316L is considered to be the most weldable stainless steel grade, making it easy to weld with no pre or post-weld heating required. Welding properties for Grade 316L include excellent impact toughness, weldability, and low temperature ductility. Grade 316L can be welded in all conditions, regardless of the temperature or welding method used. It is important to note that oxygen is often present in welding fumes when welding stainless steel, which can lead to corrosion of the weld. In order to prevent this from occurring, proper precautions must be taken such as using shielding gas and adhering to recommended welding parameters.
Heat treatment
Grade 316L is a non-hardenable stainless steel and must be solution annealed to produce optimal properties. Solution annealing requires the steel to be heated to a temperature between 1700-1850°F (925-1010°C) and then cooled back to a temperature below 1100-1400°F(590-760°C). The annealing process not only promotes optimum toughness and ductility, but also removes any residual stresses caused from fabrication.
Conclusion
Grade 316L (00Cr17Ni14Mo2) is an austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel that provides good pitting and crevice corrosion resistance and has excellent formability and weldability. The combination of high hardness and corrosion resistance allow it to be used in numerous industries, including oil and gas, chemical, automotive, and construction. Grade 316L is highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation, making it suitable for high temperatures and aggressive applications. Additionally, it has a higher resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and general corrosion compared to other austenitic stainless steel grades. Grade 316L showcases excellent weldability, good impact toughness, and low temperature ductility. It also requires solution annealing in order to produce optimal properties.
