Explosions of pressure vessels
Pressure vessels are closed containers designed to hold fluids or gas at a pressure that is much higher than the atmospheric pressure. They are widely used in numerous industries including chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in many energy production processes, such as molten salt heaters and steam generators. The pressure inside these vessels can reach tens of thousands of atmospheres and their design and construction require a high level of engineering know-how.
Unfortunately, explosions of pressure vessels sometimes occur due to several reasons such as design defects, corrosion, overpressure, and even sabotage. These explosions can be very powerful and deadly, causing extensive damage to nearby structures and the environment. For example, in July 1988, a pressure vessel in a hazardous waste processing facility in West Berlin, Germany exploded, killing two workers and trapping seven others. The explosion was so powerful that it caused significant damage to nearby homes, as well as a shopping centre located 500 meters away.
Damage from explosions of pressure vessels is not only caused by the physical force of the blast, but also by the release of hazardous chemicals it might contain, such as smoldering agents and toxic gases. When pressure vessels explode, the surrounding atmosphere can become contaminated with hazardous substances. This can lead to more serious consequences if the substances are highly flammable or toxic. In 2007, an explosion of a pressure vessel at a plant in Tarragona, Spain caused the release of a large amount of highly toxic chlorine gas into the atmosphere, resulting in four deaths and more than 500 people being treated for various injuries and illnesses.
It is therefore essential that all pressure vessels be regularly inspected and maintained by qualified personnel, to ensure that they are safe and able to withstand the pressure they are exposed to. Any potential defects should be identified and rectified as soon as possible, to prevent any incidents of explosions. In addition, proper safety protocols should be in place to ensure that adequate protective measures are taken for personnel and other persons within the vicinity.
It is therefore clear that proper maintenance of pressure vessels is crucial for the prevention of pressure vessel explosions. Companies should ensure that their staff are trained on the safety aspects of pressure vessels and should ensure that all vessels are in proper working condition. Such preventive measures can help to minimize the risk of explosions, and consequently reduce the likelihood of any devastating effects they may bring.
