Introduction
Electric Welding, also called arc welding, is the process of fusing two pieces of metal or thermoplastics together by applying controlled levels of heat to the parts and melting them into each other. Arc welding is one of the most popular and widely used processes in industrial operations and technology.
In arc welding, a power source sends electrical energy through an electrode—the stick holding it—into the gap between the two pieces of metal. When the electrical current arcs across the gap, it creates intense heat that melts both pieces of metal and creates a bond when they cool.
How it Works
In arc welding, the heat necessary to melt and bond the metals together is created by an electric arc. This arc is the result of an electric current, called the welding current, flowing between the two pieces of metal. The welding current flows through the electrode and a “ground electrode”, usually the machine’s work-piece, or work table, to complete the circuit. When the welding current flows through the electrode and ground electrode, it creates an arc of intense heat across the gap between them, which is then used to melt both metals.
The temperature of the arc is regulated by adjusting the voltage of the welding current. By changing the voltage of the current, a welder can control the amount of heat the arc creates and how much of the metal is melted away in each weld pool.
Types of Arc Welders
There are several types of arc welders, each of which is designed for a specific purpose.
Stick welders use a coated electrode to join metals together and are the simplest type of arc welding equipment.
MIG welders use a constantly feeding wire electrode and a gas shield to protect the weld from the air.
TIG welders use a non-consumable tungsten electrode to heat the material, and a gas torch to protect the weld from the air.
Machines and Power Sources
Arc welding requires its own special kind of equipment, as well as a suitable power source. The power source can either be a generator, an independent power supply, or an industrial power grid. The power source is then connected to the machine, which houses the necessary components for running a weld.
The welding machine is usually made up of a welding power source, a welding head, and a welding cable. The welding power source creates the welding current, while the welding head directs it to the materials to be welded. The welding cable then carries the welding current from the welding power source to the welding head.
Safety
Arc welding is a potentially dangerous process and must be done with great caution. To ensure safety in welding operations, operators must ensure that all equipment is in proper working order, and that all safety equipment is in place. This includes face shields and protective clothing, as well as proper respiratory protection for welders and bystanders.
Conclusion
Arc welding is a widely used process in many industries and can be a useful tool when used correctly and safely. With the right equipment, knowledge, and safety procedures, arc welding can be a highly effective process of joining two or more metal components or materials.
