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Flaws and Countermeasures of Large Forging Parts
Forging is a metalworking process used to create complex shaped parts. The process is suitable for large-scale components, such as engine parts and aircraft structures. When forging parts with complex shapes, there are some common flaws to be aware of. The two most common defects are tempering cracking and temper embrittlement. Both of these issues can significantly affect the strength and function of the component and must be avoided.
Tempered cracking occurs when the component is heated and then cooled quickly. The rapid cooling causes the outer layer of the component to form a hard crust, while the interior is still in a molten or plastic state. This process, known as quenching, hardens the surface and helps strengthen the material.
Unfortunately, a hard crust can also lead to a weakening of the inner material and create shallow cracks on the surface, referred to as tempering cracks. These cracks may be difficult to repair and can lead to more serious issues, such as fatigue and corrosion.
In order to prevent tempered cracking, larger components must be heated and cooled slowly. Additionally, attention should be paid to the surface grain structure of the component. If the grain of the material is not distributed evenly, then it may become prone to cracking when quenched.
Rebuilt embrittlement is another common flaw in forged components. Temper embrittlement occurs when the component is heated and then cooled too quickly. This rapid cooling causes too much carbon to form on the surface of the component, which hardens the material and weakens its internal structure.
Rebuilt embrittlement can cause reduced strength and flexibility, as well as increasing the chances of the component failing. In order to prevent this issue, larger components should be given sufficient time to cool slowly during the forging process. Additionally, the material should be heated to the appropriate temperature before cooling in order to ensure that the right amount of carbon is present.
In conclusion, tempered cracking and temper embrittlement are the two most common flaws in large forging parts. In order to prevent these defects, components should be heated and cooled slowly and the surface grain should be distributed evenly. Additionally, the correct temperature should be used when heating as this will help to reduce the risk of temper embrittlement. By taking these steps, ingredients can be made that are strong and durable, making them suitable for numerous industrial applications.
