Screw Terminology
螺丝术语
Screws are one of the most commonly used fasteners in industrial setting, and the correct terminology is critical when specifying the correct screw for any given application. To ensure clarity when discussing all the possible varieties of screws, the industry has developed a standard set of terms and definitions to provide a universal understanding.
螺丝是工业设置中最常用的固定部件之一，正确的术语在指定给定应用场景的正确螺丝时至关重要。为了确保在讨论所有可能的螺丝种类时的清晰，业界制定了一套标准术语和定义，以提供普遍理解。
Head
头部
The head is the top part of the screw that is typically used to drive the screw into place. Screws are usually driven by a Phillips or slot head screwdriver but can also be driven by a hex key to turn the screw in place. Screws are typically identified by size and thread, but they may also include a head type such as fillister, round or pan head, or a specialty head such as truss or finishing head.
头部是螺丝的顶端部位，通常用来将螺丝驱动到位。螺丝通常由Phillips或槽头螺丝刀驱动，但也可以由六角钥匙来转动螺丝。螺丝通常由尺寸和螺纹识别，但它们也可能包括一种头类型，如法式头、圆头或平底座头，或是特殊头，如桁条头或精加工头。
Tip
尖头
The tip is the end of the screw, not including the head. It is designed to puncture and penetrate the material into the hole. It is typically pointed but may also have flat tips called nibs. The tip needs to be sharp and have a wide circumference to drill and cut into the material.
尖头是螺丝末端，不包括头部。它旨在穿透材料进入孔。它通常是尖的，但也可以是平面尖头，称为尼克斯。尖头需要锋利且有较大的圆周，以钻孔和切入材料。
Threads
螺纹
Threads are the spirals or helical ribs that wrap around the exterior of the screw and allow for the screw to be driven into the surface and tightened to hold it in place. The threads can be either single start, double start, or multiple start. Single start have a single helical rib, double start have two opposing helical ribs, and multiple start have two or more helical ribs overlapping in the same direction.
螺纹是包裹在螺丝外表面的螺旋或螺旋棱，允许螺丝被驱动到表面，并加固以固定其位置。螺纹可以是单螺纹、双螺纹或多螺纹。单螺纹有一个螺旋棱，双螺纹有两个相反的螺旋棱，多螺纹有两个或多个螺旋棱向同一方向重叠。
Shank
柄
The shank is the part of the screw between the head and the threads. The shank helps guide the screw in the material, while also helps to spread the load to the surrounding material, improving the strength of the joint. The shank also creates a smooth transition between the threads and the head, preventing the threads from damaging the surface material.
柄是头部和螺纹之间的螺丝部位。柄有助于在材料中引导螺丝，同时也有助于将负载向周围材料推广，提高结合强度。柄还在螺纹和头之间创造平滑的过渡，防止螺纹损坏表面材料。
Length
长度
The length is the measurement of the screw from the bottom of the head to the end of the tip, not including the threads. The length of the screw is an important factor, as it determines how much of the screw will penetrate into the material.
长度是从头部底部到尖头末端的螺丝测量，不涵盖螺纹。螺丝的长度是一个重要因素，因为它决定螺丝将深入多少材料。
Drive Type
传动类型
The drive type refers to the type head on the end of the screw. The most common drive types are Phillips, slot, square, star, tamper-proof, and Torx®. The drive type can have an effect on the effectiveness of the screw. For example, a square-drive screw is designed to create a tighter grip and reduce stripping, while a Phillips-drive screw is designed to reduce cam-out and increase ease of use.
传动类型指的是螺丝末端的头类型。最常见的传动类型是Phillips、槽、方形、星形、防拔和 Torx®。传动类型可能影响螺丝的有效性。例如，方形驱动螺丝旨在创造更紧的抓力，减少拆卸，而Phillips驱动螺丝旨在减少凸轮放出，增加使用方便。
Material
材料
The material is the type of material the screw is made from. The material will have an effect on the strength and durability of the screw, which is why it is important to specify the correct material for the application. The most common materials for screws are steel, stainless steel, brass, and nylon.
材料是螺丝制成的材料的类型。材料将对螺丝的强度和耐用性产
