Introduction
X-ray analysis (XRA) is a method of identifying, verifying and characterizing materials. It is commonly used in industrial and scientific fields. X-ray analysis is used to measure the elemental composition of a material, determine the atomic structure of the material, and image the materials internal structure. It is also used for detecting pollutants in air and water, and for examining damage to buildings and other structures.
X-ray analysis works by bombarding a material sample with X-rays and measuring the amount of radiation that is absorbed or scattered. This information can then be used to determine the chemical composition of the sample and its structural properties. It is also used to measure stress and strain in materials, and examine the microstructure of alloys and ceramics.
Diffractometry
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a major form of X-ray analysis that is used to study the crystal structure of a sample. XRD works by measuring the angles and intensities of X-ray beams that have been diffracted off of the a crystal structure. The data is then used to identify the material and its exact lattice structure. This technique can also be used to introduce impurities into a sample, and to measure the amount of strain in a material.
X-ray Fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is another form of XRA that is commonly used for elemental analysis. This technique works by bombarding a material sample with X-rays, causing electrons to be ejected. This results in the emission of secondary X-rays that are characteristic of each element present in the sample. By measuring the energies and intensities of the emitted X-rays, it is possible to determine the elemental composition of the sample.
X-ray Imaging
X-ray imaging is another technique used in XRA. This method uses X-ray beams to create an image of the sample, showing features such as defects, layers and interfaces. X-ray imaging can be used to detect flaws in structural components, to monitor corrosion or other damage, and to visualise internal features in thick or complex materials.
Conclusion
X-ray analysis (XRA) is a powerful and versatile technique that is used to identify, verify and characterize materials. It uses X-ray beams to determine the chemical composition of a sample, its crystal structure, and its internal structure. XRA can be used for a variety of purposes, such as stress and strain analysis, elemental analysis, and imaging of complex materials.
