Aluminium alloy friction stir welding is an emerging solid-state welding technology. It combines the advantages of friction stir welding and aluminium alloy welding and has the potential to improve the welding speed, weld quality, and cost. As a new joining technology, aluminium alloy friction stir welding has gradually gained more attention due to its high working efficiency, simple process control and low cost. In this article, the application status of aluminium alloy friction stir welding, the welding characteristics, influencing factors and development trends were briefly introduced.
Aluminium alloy friction stir welding technology has been applied in the aluminium structure and components. In the last few years, many research studies have been conducted on the application of aluminium alloys friction stir welding technology in wind energy, rail transportation, aerospace and marine engineering applications. The research results show that the welding speed of aluminium alloy friction stir welding is higher than that of other traditional welding methods, and the quality of the welded parts is good.
Aluminium alloy friction stir welding has higher welding speed, deep weld penetration and excellent weld quality than other traditional welding methods. In the welding of aluminum alloy, the direction of welding is not restricted, the joint edge is not melted, the deformation is small, the production efficiency is improved and the welding efficiency is higher. The defect of welding joint can be reduced, the welding strength can be increased, and the aluminum alloy can be used in a wider range of applications. In addition, the welding process of aluminium alloy friction stir welding does not require energy combustion, there will be no sparks, fumes, and slag, and it does not emit hazardous substances, reducing environmental pollution and the risk of fire.
The welding parameters and other factors of aluminium alloy friction stir welding greatly influence the welding quality. The welding process involves various welding parameters, such as welding speed, tool rotation speed, angle of attack and temperature control, which have a great influence on the weld quality. Therefore, it is necessary to control the welding parameters well and carry out the optimal welding parameter selection to obtain good welding quality. In addition, the mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy, the size and shape of the parts, and the presence of coatings and other factors also have a great influence on the weld quality of aluminium alloy friction stir welding. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the combined effects of these factors on the weld quality, so as to obtain satisfactory welds.
Friction stir welding scheme is gradually matured, and the applied field is gradually expanding. In terms of the welding development trend of aluminium alloy, it is not only necessary to make full use of the advantages of existing technology, but also to continue to explore new schemes to meet the needs of different applications. In addition, the automation and intelligence of the welding equipment will be further strengthened to improve the welding accuracy and weld quality. At the same time, in order to reduce the cost and improve the welding efficiency, research and development of small and lightweight welding equipment for the production of small and large aluminium alloy parts is also an important development trend.
In summary, aluminium alloy friction stir welding technology has a wide range of applications and can effectively improve the quality of the products and welding efficiency. In the future, aluminium alloy friction stir welding technology will be further developed, and its breadth and depth of application will be further widened.
