Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine Programming
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are highly automated machines that require precise programming instructions to produce components and parts according to designs. CNC machinists use several types of programming languages such as G-code, C language, and Basic language among others, to create code that the machines can understand. This code is then loaded into CNC controllers that are tasked with reading, interpreting and executing programmed commands.
CNC machines integrate aspects of both Electrical/Deposit/Doil (EDM) and machining tools for the production of parts, making them highly versatile and valuable for a variety of applications. CNC machines are found in a wide range of industries from aerospace to automotive and from medical to mining.
Programming a CNC machine involves the machinist entering code into the programmable controller in a specific language and format. The code consists of alphanumeric characters that control all aspects of a CNC machines functions, including movement, steering, power, speed and tool setting.
The G-code format is the most common and widely accepted form of machine programming and is used most often in CNC applications. G-code commands are a series of predetermined commands that define the functions of the CNC machine. Each command consists of a letter followed by a number which is used to control certain parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth.
G-code can be used to produce complex shapes and features that are not achievable through manual machining. G-code works together with CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) and CAD (Computer-Aided Design) programs to produce desired parts with highly accurate and repeatable results.
In order to write G-code, the machinist must first understand the capabilities and limitations of the CNC machine being used. The machinist must also have a basic understanding of math and geometry as well as an understanding of various cutting tools and their cutting parameters. Before any code is written, it is important for the machinist to first draw the exact shape of the part that is desired.
Once the machinist has a design, they must determine what type of cutting tools will be necessary for the job and select the appropriate tool. It is then possible for the machinist to write the program in G-code. This program is structured to ensure that the CNC machine reads and executes the appropriate code in the right order to produce the desired part.
In summary, CNC machines are highly automated and require programming instructions in a specific format to produce components and parts according to the design. The most widely used language for CNC programming is G-code which consists of commands that control all aspects of the machine’s functions. In order to write G-code, the machinist must have a basic understanding of math, geometry and cutting tools as well as a design of the part they wish to create. Once the necessary parameters have been determined, the machinist is able to write the G-code that will program the CNC machine to produce their desired part.
