Introduction
Magnesium oxide, usually referred to as magnesia, is an inorganic compound made up of magnesium and oxygen. The compound is formed by a chemical reaction between oxygen and magnesium. It is a white, powdery material with a chemical formula of MgO and has numerous industrial, agricultural and medical applications.
Production
Magnesium oxide compounds can be formed by several different methods, much depending on the local availability of resources. The most common method involves heating magnesium in an oxygen containing atmosphere. Another method for forming Magnesium Oxide involves reacting magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, resulting in the precipitation of dark yellow crystals of Calcium Oxide, CaO.
Uses
The multiple uses of Magnesium Oxide are impressive, ranging from food additives, industrial, agriculture and medical applications. In the food industry, it is used to fortify white flour, reduce rancidity and prevent caking. In the industrial sector, it is used as an additive in ceramic glazes, catalysts and brake linings. In agriculture, Magnesium Oxide has been found to assist in root development and has been used as a soil conditioner and fertilizer. In the medical field, Magnesium Oxide is often used as a laxative, antacid, and an antiperspirant.
Health Effects
The most pressing concern in regard to Magnesium Oxide is its potential adverse health effects. Short-term exposure to high levels of Magnesium Oxide is known to cause irritation of the skin and lungs. Long-term exposure to over exposure of the compound can lead to respiratory tract and eye irritation, increased risk of cancer, and damage to the heart and skin. In addition, ingestion of large amounts of the compound can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Magnesium Oxide is a compound that has found wide use in a variety of industries. While the multiple uses of the compound are impressive, the potential for harmful health effects must be considered, as potential adverse effects have been noted even at relatively low levels of exposure. For this reason, federal and industry regulations have been established in regard to the permitted levels of Magnesium Oxide in both commercial products and occupational settings.
