Introduction
Computer numerical control machine, also known as CNC machine, is a highly automated machine tool driven by commands issued by a computer program. The program stores and processes information coding by numerical control language or graphical language. CNC machining relies heavily on machine programs to generate machined parts with high precision. CNC machining is based on instructions, and the instructions are programmed with a cutting tool control program. Therefore, the programming process of CNC machine tools decides the machining speed, cutting range, machining accuracy and machining efficiency of CNC machine tools. This essay will discuss the process of program planning for CNC lathe machining.
Process planning
The process planning for CNC lathe machining should consider not only the sequence and method of various processing procedures, but also the selection of cutting tools, tool materials, cutting parameters, clamping methods and other processes during machining.
First of all, decide the processing object, that is to say, select the parts to be machined. For a smooth manufacturing process, choose parts that have similar size, shape and material requirements.
Secondly, determine the programming sequence of the workpiece processing program. Generally speaking, the first rough machining should be done first, followed by semi-finishing machining, secondary rough machining, semi-finishing machining, fine machining and finishing.
Thirdly, select the cutting tools and the corresponding tool holder. The tool holder should be matched with the selected tool, and the handle and the spindle must have an appropriate interlock.
Fourth, select the cutting parameters. The most common cutting parameters are feed, spindle speed and cutting depth. Different materials and cutting tools require different cutting parameters.
Fifthly, choose the appropriate clamping method, that is, select the electric chuck, clip, elastic rod, hydraulic clamp, hydraulic combined grip and so on.
Finally, observing the machining effect and the selection of appropriate program parameters are also important.
Program Organization
The CNC programming language is composed of numerical words or graphical symbols, and the program consists of the following five parts.
First, identification code: record the information related to the part to be machined, such as the name of the part and the programmer.
Second, declaration instruction: record the information that is related to the preparation of programming or execution of the program, such as the tool number and its size stored in the tool library.
Third, the program command: It is the key part of the program, it is composed of a variety of commands, and it is the basis of the movement instruction for the main shaft of the machine control.
Fourth, the machining program has the function of various auxiliary functions to facilitate programming, error correction and other functions.
Fifth, end code: end the CNC program.
Conclusion
In summary, producing accurate and detailed machining programs for CNC lathe machining requires a thoughtful process. It requires understanding the part to be machined, the machining sequence and the suitable cutting parameters. It also requires selecting the appropriate cutting tools and clamping methods, writing clear and accurate instructions in the form of numerical or graphical language, and properly organizing the program. Thus, it is important to understand the programming process when preparing machining program for CNC lathe machining.
