Introduction
Numerical control systems are electronic systems that use programmed instructions to perform automated tasks. Numerical control systems are used extensively in the manufacturing industry to automate complex tasks such as machining and welding. In this article, we have provided a comprehensive explanation of commonly used numerical control system terminology.
Axis
Axis is a term used to describe the linear motion of a machine. Typically, numerical control systems use three axes to control motion: the X, Y, and Z axes. The X and Y axes control the horizontal motion of the machine while the Z axis controls the vertical motion.
G & M Codes
G and M codes are instructions programmed into a numerical control system that control the motion of a machine. G codes instruct the machine to perform linear or circular motion, while M codes instruct the machine to perform other tasks such as coolant control or tool changes.
Feed Rate
Feed rate is the rate at which the machine is commanded to move. When programmed into the numerical control system, the feed rate will determine how fast the machine moves.
Spindle Speed
The spindle speed is the rotational speed of the machine. The spindle speed is typically measured in revolutions per minute (RPMs).
Offset
Offset is the distance between the programmed point and the actual point on the machine. An offset can be caused by tool wear, thermal expansion of the machine, or incorrect programming.
CAD/CAM System
CAD/CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing. A CAD/CAM system is a set of software programs used to create and generate machining programs.
Interpolation
Interpolation is the process by which a numerical control system creates smooth curves from a series of linear motions. Interpolation is used to create complex shapes that would be difficult for a machine to execute without the assistance of numerical control.
Contouring/Contour Cutting
Contouring is the process of cutting along a curved edge or contour. Contour cutting is especially useful in creating complex shapes, typically out of metal.
Drill
Drilling is the process of creating holes in a material. Numerical control systems are capable of drilling holes of various shapes and sizes with precise tolerances.
Tapping
Tapping is the process of threading a hole. A tap is used to create threads on the interior surface of a hole. Numerical control systems are capable of creating precise threads with minimal effort and time.
Tool Length Compensation
Tool length compensation is a feature of a numerical control system that compensates for tool wear by adjusting the programmed point. As the tool becomes dulled, the programmed point will be adjusted to avoid contact with the material and maintain the specified tolerance.
Conclusion
Numerical control systems are used extensively in the manufacturing industry to automate complex tasks such as machining, drilling, and welding. This article provided an explanation of common numerical control system terminology. From axes to tool length compensation, a better understanding of these terms can help to improve both the operation and results of a numerical control system.
