Opportunism is the name given to a behavior in which individuals take advantage of a situation to obtain a benefit or gain, often at the expense of others. This behavior is especially prevalent in business and politics. Opportunistic behavior is often seen in situations where there is a great deal of competition and/or a lack of rules to limit or manage behavior.
In business, opportunism is characterized by the search for an unfair advantage. These might include unfair trading practices, obtaining an unfair advantage by using insider information, or taking advantage of a lack of transparency in a market. Opportunism also includes pricing strategies that manipulate buyers or sellers and the spreading of disinformation to gain a market edge.
In politics, opportunism is often seen as a kind of “win-at-all-costs” approach, where politicians will make use of any means necessary to advance their agenda, regardless of the cost to others. Politicians may also attempt to manipulate the rules or laws in place to gain an advantage or break a political stalemate. This sort of behavior frequently leads to increased levels of distrust in the system, and makes it harder for citizens to have their voices heard.
Some of the most common examples of opportunistic behavior are those involving cheating or dishonesty. This may include cheating in exams or on a job application. It may also involve person lying or manipulating the truth in order to gain an advantage. Additionally, opportunism can involve taking advantage of others who may have less information or resources than the person taking advantage of them.
At the extreme end of the scale, opportunism can lead to criminal behavior. This may include fraud, bribery, or even theft. Additionally, some forms of insider trading or influence peddling could be considered criminal opportunism.
In general, opportunism should be discouraged as it works against the notion of fairness and justice. Furthermore, it can lead to negative outcomes, such as economic or political instability. On an individual level, opportunism can be psychologically damaging, as it can breed a sense of entitlement or an inclination toward selfishness.
It is important to recognize where and when opportunism can be a risk, and take steps to mitigate it. An important first step is to foster an environment of transparency, with clear rules and expectations. Additionally, constant vigilance is important, as sometimes opportunism can be a result of people taking advantage of loopholes in the system. Finally, an effective system of rewards and punishments should be put in place, one that works to discourage opportunistic behavior.