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Lanthanum is a silver-white metallic chemical element found in the lanthanide series of rare earth metals. It has the atomic number of 57 and is represented by the symbol La. It was discovered in the late 19th century and was first used as an alloying additive in other metals.
In terms of applications, lanthanum is broadly used to produce an array of alloys and compounds, such as those used in electronic components, steelmaking, ceramic glazes, and nuclear reactors. It is also regularly used as an alloying agent for magnesium, aluminum, and other metals. Lanthanum phosphates are also used as catalysts in fuel cells and the production of polyethylene.
Lanthanums high reactivity means that its oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates are common sources of the metal. It is produced primarily by the ion exchange process and the fractional crystallization process, although it can also be prepared by electrolysis and solvent extraction. The rare earth element is also found in several other minerals, such as monazite, bastnasite, and xenotime.
Lanthanums presence in the environment is typically at low concentrations. It is mainly released into the atmosphere in dust particles and small droplets of rain. As it is water-soluble, lanthanum can be found in various forms in rivers, lakes, and the ocean.
The elements effects on humans are generally unknown – however, exposure to high levels can lead to potential respiratory issues due to its tendency to accumulate in the lungs. As with all metals, it is not advised to ingest lanthanum, as it can lead to health issues such as liver and kidney problems.
Safety protocols must be followed when handling the metal to avoid any possible adverse effects. The use of protective gear, such as mask, gloves, and eyewear, is highly recommended. As some applications of lanthanum can be toxic and hazardous when used in certain environments, proper waste management is also a must.
As the metals properties make it a versatile and useful component in various industries, its use is likely to increase in the near future. Despite the potential harmful effects, lanthanum is and will remain an important part of many industrial processes.
