2.1Dry cutting technology
Dry cutting technology is a kind of cutting technology no need to use lubricating liquid. The main content of this technology is to make the surface of the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece have good adhesion and make the cutting tool wear small, so as to realize high speed and high precision cutting. Dry cutting technology includes dry cutting, high speed dry cutting, super dry cutting and ultra dry cutting.
There are three basic technologies for dry cutting technology: carbon dioxide gas dry cutting, cutting gas dry cutting and air dry cutting. The difference between the three is that the gas pressure used is different, the amount of gas dilution used is different, and the pressure and the amount of diluent are not much related.
Carbon dioxide gas dry cutting is usually used for the cutting of soft and easy machining materials with hardness below 55HRC. The carbon dioxide gas is added during cutting, so that the cutting force is reduced, the tool wear is reduced, and the tool life is extended. Carbon dioxide gas dry cutting can achieve high accuracy of precision cutting with good burr and fast cutting speed.
Cutting gas dry cutting is usually used for cutting hard and difficult to process materials with a hardness above 55HRC. An auxiliary gas is added during cutting to reduce the cutting force, reduce the oxidation of the cutting edge, reduce the amount of burr produced and reduce the tool wear. This dry cutting can reach the precision cutting accuracy of 0.1 ༠mm, fast cutting speed and long tool life.
Air dry cutting is suitable for cutting materials of various hardness, but the precision of cutting workpieces is relatively low. This dry cutting technology uses compressed air to pressurize and dilute the cutting tool, which is suitable for machining various materials, but the cutting efficiency is low, the cutting precision is low, and the cutting burr is larger.
The purpose and principle of dry cutting technology is to reduce the cutting temperature, squeeze out the cutting heat in the chip gap, increase the air conveyance performance, reduce the tool friction force, reduce the amount of rubbing deformation, reduce the wear of the tool, extend the service life of the tool u00b7 shortening the processing time, etc.
2.2 Semi-dry cutting technology
Semi-dry cutting technology is suitable for cutting soft materials, and is a new cutting technology developed by combining dry cutting technology, conventional low speed wet cutting technology and high pressure MQL (Minimum Qantity Lubrication) cutting technology. It is a compromise between dry and wet cutting.
Semi-dry cutting technology uses oil and gas as an internal cooling and lubrication medium. The oil and gas displacement alone can completely fill the chip gap, reduce the friction resistance, and achieve the purpose of cooling and lubrication during cutting, thereby reducing the cutting temperature. At the same time, the minimum lubrication method can be used to reduce the use of cutting fluid, the exhaust requirements are low, and the cutting environment is relatively clean.
The cutting pressure generated by semi-dry cutting technology is relatively large, and its cutting performance is more cutting force, more heat resistance and more stable cutting. At the same time, compared with MQL cutting and dry cutting, the cutting temperature of semi-dry cutting is lower, which can avoid the excessive wear of the tool, reduce the material burr and avoid the tool chipping.
2.3 Low temperature and cold air cutting technology
Low temperature and cold air cutting technology is a new cutting technology developed on the basis of dry cutting and MQL cutting. It uses cold air as the cooling fluid and uses the compressed air to cool and lubricate the tool, so as to reduce the cutting temperature, reduce the cutting force, and improve the cutting precision. The cold air cutting technology can use the same ethylene glycol, refrigerant or other environment-friendly cooling fluids.
The cold air produced by cold air cutting technology is mainly pressurized by the compressor. The pressure of the cold air affects the cooling effect and the amount of burr produced. When the pressure is increased, the cooling effect and the burr amount are also increased. At the same time, the cooling fluid can reduce the friction coefficient between the tool and the workpiece, reduce the cutting resistance, and reduce the tool wear and the cutting temperature.
In order to reduce the temperature rise in the cutting process to a very low level, low temperature and cold air cutting technology combines a setted cold air circulation system with special cutting technology. A cold compressed air cooling system is adopted to cool the cutting tool, which can reduce the temperature rise in the cutting process to a lower level and improve the surface quality.
In summary, dry cutting technology, semi-dry cutting technology and low temperature and cold air cutting technology are currently used for various cutting tasks in the industrial field. Each of these cutting technologies has its own advantages, and can achieve good cutting results in different fields. With the constant advancement of cutting technology, these cutting technologies will become more and more mature, and will be widely used in various cutting tasks in the future.
