A synchronous motor (or synchronous machine) is an AC electrical machine that runs at a constant speed and produces a constant output power. It is most commonly used in industrial applications such as machines like printing presses and conveyor drives.
In an asynchronous motor, the rotor of the motor is connected to a rotating field provided by the stator. When the stator receives alternating current, this alternating current creates an alternating flux which interacts with the field of the rotor and turns it. As a result, the synchronous motors internal parts rotate at the same speed as the field around them.
The main difference between a synchronous motor and an asynchronous motor is that a synchronous motor operates with a constant speed and does not require any external assistance in order to maintain its constant speed. In comparison, an asynchronous motor usually needs to be started with a direct current or some other type of starter which can cause the motor to experience a momentary ‘kick-start’ in order to get to a full speed.
Synchronous motors have been around for a long time and have been improved upon many times since their conception. Over time, improvements have been made to the motors in terms of output power, efficiency, and reliability. The most commonly used type of synchronous motors today are permanent magnet motors. The primary benefit of using permanent magnet motors is that they produce greater efficiency and output power while running cooler than conventional synchronous motors.
There are a few common applications of synchronous motors. In many industries, they are used to drive pumps, compressors, conveyors, fans, and other equipment where constant speed and power are needed. They are also used in high-speed machinery such as robots as well as in machines that require high starting torque.
In recent years, synchronous motors have also become increasingly popular in residential and commercial building automation systems. With the rise in popularity of smart home technology, synchronous motors have become integral components for controlling climate and thermostat settings. Additionally, some motor applications are also used in electric vehicles and powertrains.
Synchronous motors have a few drawbacks as well. Since they are electric machines, if the motor becomes overloaded or has poor wiring it can cause it to overheat and eventually catch fire. Additionally, the motors require periodic maintenance in order to remain at peak efficiency.
Overall, synchronous motors are a common type of motor with a wide range of applications that are used to provide an efficient and reliable performance. Even though they may require more maintenance than an asynchronous motor, they offer superior power, output and efficiency compared to the latter.
