Introduction
These days, pressure vessels are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. They are used to store and contain gases, liquids, and other substances under high pressure. Pressure vessels are typically made from metal and are designed to withstand the pressure created by the contained substance. While metal is the most commonly used material in pressure vessels, there are other materials that can also be used including plastics, composites, and elastomers.
A pressure vessel can be either a closed or open container designed to hold fluids and gases at a greater pressure than the ambient pressure. Pressure vessels are used in several industries such as chemical plants, nuclear plants, food processing, and petrochemical industry. They are also used in the construction of asphalt highways and bridges and in telecommunications systems. The vessels are designed to operate safely and efficiently under the desired pressure while also considering the operating temperature and operating environment.
Pressure vessels are constructed by welding together sheets of metal, usually steel. This is done to form a cylindrical shape with ends that are closed to contain the pressure generated inside. Many of the designs and construction standards of the pressure vessels are based on established regulations, codes and standards applicable to these types of containment structures, performed in accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
Types of Pressure Vessels
There are different types of pressure vessels, each with its own unique characteristics and applications. The most common types of pressure vessels are fire-tube boilers, autoclaves, reactors, and composite pressure vessels.
Fire-tube boilers are cylindrical vessels equipped with several steel tubes running longitudinally through the vessel and are used to heat a fluid until the fluid boils and turns into steam. Autoclaves are pressure vessels used in medical and industrial settings to sterilize equipment. Reactors are pressure vessels that are used to control and contain chemical reactions. Lastly, composite pressure vessels are made of two or more layers of material, typically a metal and a plastic or elastomer, designed to contain a wide range of materials.
Safety Considerations with Pressure Vessels
Pressure vessels are regulated by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors to provide a uniform system of preventing and detecting the occurrence of significant events that may cause harm or death. All pressure vessels must be inspected and maintained regularly in accordance with established inspection standards if they are to be safely operated. The inspection process includes visual inspections, testing for corrosion, pressure testing and non-destructive testing procedures.
Conclusion
Pressure vessels are essential components in a variety of industries to store, contain and protect substances and materials under varying levels of pressure. It is essential that pressure vessels are constructed, operated, and maintained in accordance with appropriate safety regulations and codes. Pressure vessels should be inspected regularly by qualified personnel to ensure their safe operation.
