Aggregates are natural building stones, which are made of different sizes of stones, gravel and sand. They are used for a wide variety of construction projects and for achieving different types of visual and structural effects. Aggregates are usually classified according to their size and shape into rounded, polished and crushed stones, grainy and sandy materials, cobbles and pebbles, and slag and ashes.
The most common size used in construction is termed coarse aggregate, which is made up of larger stones and particles of gravel, sand, and slag. Coarse aggregate helps give concrete and asphalt its strength and shape. Crushed stone is usually used for driveways and paths, and puddles and other construction projects. Polished and rounded stones are used for decorative purposes in landscaping and gardens.
Grainy and sandy materials are also used in construction. Sand is an important component of mortar and concrete, while gravel provides a base for roads and driveways, and can also provide a drainage layer. Cobbles and pebbles are often used for landscaping projects, and cobbles are also sometimes used as drainage material.
Slag and ashes from coal and other combustible materials are categorized as lightweight aggregate. They are used in concrete for decoration and for achieving a light weight. Slag and ashes are used in the same manner as other types of aggregate, but they are lighter in weight so they can be used to reduce the buildings overall weight.
Aggregates are also used to produce ready-made concrete and asphalt products. The main uses of ready-made concrete and asphalt include driveways, surfaces, and foundations. Asphalt can be applied directly to the prepared surface of concrete or other supportive structures.
In addition to its various uses in construction, aggregates have important ecological benefits. For example, the small stones and other particles of the aggregate provide a natural habitat for plant and animal life by providing a nesting site and food for them. The particles also provide a filtering agent for water, trapping large particles of dirt and sand and letting the water pass through.
Overall, it can be seen that aggregate has a wide range of uses. They are a versatile material that can be used for both functional and decorative purposes in construction. They provide a range of ecological benefits and can reduce the overall weight of a building, making it more energy efficient.
