Maintenance Procedures for Typical NC Machine Tools
Numerical control (NC) machine tools are used in a wide range of industrial applications to fabricate components with complex shapes and surfaces. Connecting computer interfaces and the users input commands with mechanical components, the NC machine tool uses a series of feedback sensing andalgorithm calculations to control the motion of the tool relative to the workpiece. While the complexity of NC machine tools can make them difficult to troubleshoot and maintain, properly trained personnel and well documented maintenance procedures can keep NC machine tools in top operatingcondition.
1. Maintenance Schedules
The first step in keeping an NC machine tool running effectively is to develop a maintenance schedule. This schedule should include periodic visual inspections of all mechanical, electrical and pneumatic components. Inspections should be scheduled to take place on a weekly and/or monthly basis, depending on the particular machine and usage levels. The maintenance schedule should also set forth clear guidelines for when machine parts and consumables, such as wire, cutting tools, tool holders and bearings, should be replaced.
2. Cleaning and Lubrication
Cleaning and lubrication should be included in the maintenance schedule for all NC machine tools. Spindle housings, ball screws, and other rotary parts can be cleaned with a brush, compressed air and metal polish. Bearings should be flushed and lubricated at least once a week, but could vary depending on the severity of the application. Lubricant levels must also be checked at regular intervals to make sure they are at the proper levels.
3. Calibration
In order to keep an NC machine tool running within its optimal range, it must be calibrated at regular intervals. This can include the alignment of the tool to the workpiece, the accuracy of the spindle speed and the degree of backlash in the ball screw, among others. CNC machinists should use calipers and other precision measuring tools to check the accuracy of components. In addition to manual calibration, it is also recommended that precision measuring devices such as laser, vision and scanner be used to ensure precise and consistent results.
4. Software Updates
NC machine tools run on complex software programs that control all aspects of their operation. In order to ensure that the NC machine tool is running with the most up-to-date software, regular updates should be made to the software and firmware. Software updates can be downloaded from the machine tool manufacturers website or purchased from a third-party vendor.
5. Monitoring Usage
Another important aspect of NC machine tool maintenance is monitoring the usage of the machine. By tracking the usage of the machine on a daily, weekly, and/or monthly basis, technicians can identify any problems before they become major issues. For example, if the machine is running at an abnormally high speed over an extended period of time, technicians can take steps to reduce the speed and prevent premature wear of the mechanical components.
By utilizing a routine maintenance schedule, cleaning and lubricating, calibrating and updating software, and monitoring the usage of the machine, technicians can ensure that their NC machine tools remain in top operating condition. Following these procedures will help to extend the life of the machine and prevent costly repairs or replacement in the future.
