Machining Process
Machining is a metal manufacturing process which involves removing material from a workpiece in order to shape it into the desired shape. The term can also refer to the process of finishing the surface of a metal object in a specific way in order to create a desired texture or pattern. Machining is typically divided into two categories: conventional and non-conventional machining. Conventional machining involves removing material via cutting tools while non-conventional machining is a process of using unconventional tools and techniques to achieve desired results.
The most common type of conventional machining is milling. During milling, a cutting tool is moved along a predetermined path referred to as “feed” to remove material via cutting. This material can be in the form of metal, composites, plastic, ceramics, etc. Milling machines are typically computerized, providing the option of manually entering commands or having a programmable tool that can be used to repeat a certain pattern of cuts.
Turning is another form of conventional machining which is used to produce internal and external features on a cylinder or tapered face. A lathe is the most common type of turning machine and uses a rotating workpiece along with an operator-controlled cutting tool. This cutting tool forms the desired features of the part in relation to the centerline of the workpiece. Using a lathe, operators are able to create cylindrical parts with external features such as grooves or threads, as well as internal features such as bored holes.
Non-conventional machining is a process in which material is removed using tools or methods that are not ordinarily used in machining. These processes are often more efficient than traditional machining processes and can be used to create complex shapes with tight tolerances. Burning is one form of non-conventional machining in which a flammable gas is used to cut away a portion of metal. This method is often used in conjunction with an oxy-fuel torch to form a narrow spark-shaped burn pattern. EDM (electrical discharge machining) is an example of another non-conventional machining process which uses electric sparks to ablate metal from a workpiece. EDM is often used for cutting slots and holes in metal objects, as well as for creating complex shapes.
Investment casting is a form of machining in which a metal mould is poured with liquid metal. This process is commonly used to manufacture parts with very tight tolerances and intricate details. It is often used to make parts for the aerospace or medical industry due to the precision it provides.
Machining is used in a wide range of industries and applications, from automotive and manufacturing to aerospace and electronics. It is a very important and integral part of any metal fabrication process. With the right tools and knowledge, machining can be used to create complex shapes with tight tolerances.
