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Soft magnetic alloys (GB/T15001-1994)
Soft magnetic alloys, also known as electrical alloys, are a special type of alloy mostly composed of a mixture of two or more metals combined together to obtain unique properties that make these alloys ideal for use in the power-electronics and electrical equipment industry. Soft magnetic alloys are used to produce permanent magnets, electromagnets and transducers, and are also used in a variety of applications such as motors, generators, transformers, relays and contactor switchgear.
Soft magnetic alloys are made up of ferrite, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, and other metals in various combinations. The different metals provide the alloy with different magnetic properties, such as coercivity, permeability, conductivity, and magnetic induction. Soft magnetic alloys provide enhanced immunity to external electromagnetic fields, higher electromagnetic efficiency, improved energy storage capability and generally better performance in extreme temperatures and corrosive environments. These alloys have an extremely high permeability, meaning they are very good at storing and transporting magnetic flux, as well as being able to rapidly reverse the direction of the flux.
Because of their low core loss at higher flux densities and high resistance to demagnetization, these alloys are used in the design of power electronic circuits, transformers, chokes, and electronic inductors. They are also widely used in applications such as cookers, microwave and space heating equipment, radio communication, computers and modern day electronics. They are also used in the motors of cars and other vehicles, as electrical current takes the path of least resistance, soft magnetic alloys provide the most efficient, and most reliable path.
Soft magnetic alloys are regulated under a standard set by the International Organization For Standardization (ISO). The standard is known as ISO 15001 which sets requirements and test methods for the quality of soft magnetic alloys. The series of tests are designed to make sure electric resistance, the performance, and the other electrical properties adhere to the standards set for the production of quality conductive parts.
Soft magnetic alloys are preferred to material such as hard magnetic alloys because of the highly ductile and malleable nature of soft magnetic alloys. They are easier to machine and fabricate than hard magnetic alloys, allowing for a greater range of shapes and sizes for production and for greater freedom of design. The soft magnetic alloy also offers improved performance at greater flux density and improved resistance to demagnetization. This is a great advantage for designers and engineers, as they can make use of the necessary magnetic properties to develop products that can withstand arduous conditions.
The potential applications of soft magnetic alloys are virtually endless, the demand for magnetic alloys continues to grow as these materials make the production of electric and electronic components more efficient and reliable. As the use of these materials grows and expands, the need for quality control and reliable testing procedures continue to increase. The Standard GB/T15001-1994 was created to provide requirements and test methods to ensure that these materials adhere to established standards and can perform to their fullest potential.
