Numerical Control Technology Terms
1. Numerical Control - Numerical Control (NC) is a method of automating machine tools using a programmable computer. NC is often used in industry to control machines that perform repetitive tasks accurately without the need for direct human involvement.
2. CAD/CAM – CAD/CAM stands for “Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing.” CAD/CAM software is used to create and transfer NC programs from a computer to a controller in order to create parts.
3. CNC – CNC stands for “Computer Numerical Control.” This term is often used to refer to machines controlled by a computer, either through a dedicated NC controller or through a program running on a PC.
4. DNC – DNC stands for “Direct Numerical Control.” This is a form of NC where programs are sent directly to a machine tool from a PC, without the need for a dedicated NC controller.
5. Programmable Logic Controller – A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a specialized type of computer that is used to control industrial equipment. PLCs are often used to control NC machines.
6. G-Code – G-Codes are the programming language used to tell a CNC machine what to do. G-codes are usually sent to the machine in the form of an NC program.
7. Cutter Compensation – Cutter compensation is a feature of certain CNC machines that allows them to account for the changing diameter of the cutting tool during a cut.
8. Tooling – Tooling is the process of designing, engineering and manufacturing the cutting tools used in NC machining.
9. Interpolation – Interpolation is the process of determining how the motion of a CNC machine should be changed to accurately reflect a programmed path.
10. Programming – Programming is the process of creating one or more NC programs that are used to control CNC machines.
11. Machine Interface – A machine interface is a device used to connect a CNC machine to a computer or another device.
12. Feed Rate – The feed rate is the speed at which the cutting tool is moved along a programmed path.
13. Spindle Speed – The spindle speed is how quickly the spindle rotates when cutting with a CNC machine.
14. Contouring – Contouring is the process of controlling the cutting tool in a way that allows it to accurately replicate a programmed path.
15. Axis – An axis is a virtual line on which a CNC machine can move. The number of axes a machine has determines the type of motion it can achieve.
16. Stroke – A stroke is a single motion that a CNC machine makes. Generally, a longer stroke will take more time to complete.
17. Ramping – Ramping is a type of motion where the cutting tool gradually accelerates or decelerates.
18. Lathe – A lathe is a type of CNC machine that is used to produce cylindrical workpieces.
19. Simulator – A simulator is a software program that allows a user to test a CNC program without actually running it on a machine.
20. Coolant – Coolant is a liquid used to cool and lubricate the cutting tool in CNC machining
