Engineering geophysics is a branch of geophysics which applies its methods to engineering problems. Examples of engineering geophysics applications are locating buried services, sub-surface voids, mineral exploration, groundwater exploitation, and archaeological survey. These applications use physical fields (usually electrical or seismic) to investigate subsurface structures.
Engineering geophysics has existed since the 1950s and is used regularly in the oil industry. Its use in civil engineering projects is more recent and involves a variety of problems and processes.
Engineering geophysical surveys involve the measurement of physical properties of the subsurface such as electrical resistivity, seismic velocity, and gravity. The measurements are then processed to create a subsurface model that provides information about subsurface structures and materials. The interpretation of geophysical surveying is often done by computer but some allow for manual interpretation as well.
In certain projects, engineering geophysics is used to establish and assess ground conditions that affect the final design of a structure. It can be used to test and analyze sites prior to construction to determine if they are suitable for the intended use. It is used to locate buried services such as pipes, cables, and others. It can also help in detecting areas with higher subsurface water content and helps in designing appropriate drainage schemes.
Engineering geophysics can also be used for mineral exploration, groundwater exploitation, and archaeological investigations. In mineral exploration, geophysical surveys are used to identify areas with mineral deposits and to estimate the size and depth of those deposits. In groundwater exploitation geophysical surveys are used to identify the size and depth of water resources and to examine how water moves through the ground. In archaeological investigations, geophysical surveys are used to identify buried artifacts and to assess their historical value.
Engineering geophysics is also used for industrial situations. It can be used to investigate sinkholes and other geological structures that may or may not be visible to the human eye. It can also be used to investigate landslips and soil movements, as well as to monitor and measure ground deformation, such as in mining areas.
Engineering geophysics is a relatively expensive process, but the information it provides is invaluable to the engineer. It requires specialized equipment and personnel who understand the physics behind the measurements. The presence of knowledgeable personnel is paramount in making sure that the geophysical survey is completed correctly and that the data is properly interpreted by the engineer.
Engineering geophysics is a very useful tool for a variety of engineering projects. Its use can help to minimize project risks and costs by providing reliable information about the subsurface environment. It can also help to identify locations of interest and to provide an understanding of subsurface structures and materials which can aid in decision-making during project planning and design. In addition, it can help to identify archaeological sites and to increase knowledge of the area in which the project is taking place.
