World Standard Steels and their Welding Properties
Steel has been used in the construction of buildings and structures since time immemorial. Today, modern steel is used for a variety of purposes, from buildings and bridges to cars and consumer products. As such, there are a wide variety of types of steel, all with different properties and grades. These different types and grades of steel require welders to understand the specific grades, strengths, and welding properties when working with steel.
Today, there are numerous standard steels used in construction and production. These standard steels are created to meet the specifications required in various applications. Here, we take a closer look at some of the most commonly used standard steels and the welding properties associated with them.
Mild Steel. Mild steel is a standard steel often used in welding applications because it is economical, machinable and formable. It is relatively soft compared to other metals and allows for easy cutting. Mild steel can be used for both fabrication and repairs, as it is weldable and strong.
Structural Steel. Structural steel is commonly used for constructing buildings, bridges, and other building structures. It is a heavy-duty steel, with an incredibly high yield and tensile strength. Structural steel is not the most ideal steel for welding, however, as it can become brittle due to the high amounts of carbon and hydrogen in the steel.
Stainless Steel. Stainless steel is a steel alloyed with at least 10.5% chromium and is designed for corrosion resistance. It is highly weldable and is often used for food-processing machines, kitchenware and in medical equipment, such as implants. It is generally easier to weld than carbon steels, although there are instances when it can be more difficult.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel. High-strength-low-alloy (HSLA) steel is a type of alloy steel which includes additional elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, and titanium. HSLA steel is stronger than standard carbon steel and is often used in construction of bridges and buildings. It is more difficult to weld than mild steel, and special welding rods are often required.
Tool Steel. Tool steel refers to a group of steel alloyed with tungsten, molybdenum, and other metals to improve hardenability and wear resistance. It is often used for producing tools and cutters, as the high hardness makes it suitable for molding and die-casting materials. It is not generally welded, as it is less ductile and can crack or split when heated.
The terms and grades of steel can be confusing, and it is important for welders to understand the different properties and characteristics of each steel to ensure proper welding processes. Having this knowledge helps welders to accurately and safely complete welding jobs with the best possible results.
