Process range and composition of horizontal lathe
Horizontal lathes are a kind of machine tools with a long history. They are widely used in industrial production, and their functions and uses are numerous. In modern production, horizontal lathe is mainly used for rough and fine machining of cylindrical, conical and special-shaped workpieces, and can also be used for other various type machining. This article will focus on the process range and composition of horizontal lathe.
Process range of horizontal lathe
1.Cylindrical and conical turning
The process of turning cylindrical and conical workpieces on a horizontal lathe is called cylindrical and conical turning. Typically, the workpiece is mounted on the spindle of the lathe, using the eccentric chuck and tailstock support, and operated with a unit tool, and moved longitudinally and radially by the carriage, so as to achieve the purpose of machining the workpiece.
2.Taper turning
Taper turning is the process of turning a workpiece with an inclined surface into a taper shape. It can be used for link pieces of mechanisms, machine shafts, and some stub lengths. Generally, when turning, the headstock is tilted relative to the bed to achieve different taper angles.
3.Grooving
Grooving refers to the process of cutting grooves, ribs and keyways on cylindrical and conical workpieces by a tool equipped with an indexing head. This process is mainly used to make splines and threads on machine shafts, as well as some special shapes on surfaces.
4.Cutting and Beveling
Cutting is the process of cutting cylindrical, conical and special-shape workpieces into some size blocks by a tool equipped with an indexing head. Beveling is the process of cutting an inclined surface on the edge of a workpiece by a tool equipped with an inclined tool holder. Both processes can be completed on the horizontal lathe.
5.Thread cutting
Threading is a process in which the inclined surface is grooved along the axis of the workpiece using a tool equipped with an indexing head, so as to make threads of a certain size and shape on the outer and inner surfaces of the part.
Composition of the horizontal lathe
1.Host
The main structure of the horizontal lathe is the host, which is composed of machine bed, workbench and headstock. The machine bed is installed on the foundation and fixed. The workbench is a flat platform placed on the machine bed, and is used to support the workpiece. The headstock is composed of spindle, transmission mechanism and bearing. It is located at the three o’clock direction on the workbench, and the spindle head is used to mount the tool and the workpiece.
2.Carriage
Carriage includes longitudinal and transverse motors, its structure is composed of connecting rod and guide rail, longitudinal and transverse slide, sliding feed screw and bearing of sliding seat. Its function is to realize the longitudinal and transverse travel of the tool during the machining process.
3.Slide
The slide is an accessory used to improve the machining accuracy on the horizontal lathe, and is composed of side tool movement slide and cross tool movement slide. The side tool movement slide is generally installed on the front guide rail of the longitudinal slide of the carriage to improve the cutting accuracy in the side direction of the workpiece. The cross tool movement slide is generally mounted on the front guideway of the transverse slide of the carriage to improve the cutting accuracy in the transverse direction of the workpiece.
Conclusion
This article has introduced the process range and composition of horizontal lathe. Horizontal lathes are widely used in modern production, and their process range and composition are very important for the use of horizontal lathes. The functions of each part of the horizontal lathe, such as the host, carriage and slide, must be understood in order to achieve satisfactory machining results.
