Overview of Underground Coal Mining
Underground coal mining is one of the oldest and most efficient methods of extracting coal from its natural environment. In most cases, it involves using a continuous mining machine to move along the coal seam, extracting coal from the ground as it moves. The process of underground coal mining is a complex one and involves a vast array of technologies and equipment. The following information will provide an overview of the technology and equipment used for underground coal mining.
First, the mining industry employs a variety of powerful machines for use in the coal mining process. For example, those machines include tunnelling machines, continuous miners, shuttlecars, and conveyor systems. These machines are usually powered with electricity, diesel, or hydraulics. Shuttlecars also have the capability of moving coal material from the mine to above ground conveyors.
Second, underground coal mining is conducted in two phases. The first phase involves softening and weakening the coal seam before the cutting process. This is done through a process called room and pillar mining. A continuous cutting machine is used to move along the coal seam and to create large, interconnected voids. The voids are then mined with either a scoop or a rotary cutter. After the coal has been extracted, the room and pillar method is used to create support for the roof, creating a stable and safe environment for miners to work.
Third, the second phase of underground coal mining involves extracting the coal from the voids created in the first phase. This is accomplished through longwall methods. Longwall machines are similar to continuous miners, but are much larger. They generally move much slower and the machines can literally scoop out thousands of feet of coal per hour. The longwall machines also enable miners to access large areas of coal without having to make any turns.
Fourth, the extracted coal is then transported to the surface via conveyors or shuttlecars. In some cases, the coal is loaded directly into railcars. In other situations, the coal may be loaded onto large trucks and transferred directly to power plants.
Underground coal mining is an incredibly important process for extracting much needed energy sources from the ground. The use of modern mining technology, coupled with a well-trained workforce, has made the extraction of coal even more efficient. In addition, safety has been improved significantly with the use of advanced mining technologies, and improved ventilation and ventilation control systems. As more companies begin to explore the benefits of underground coal mining, the efficiency and safety of these operations will steadily increase.
