Unfortunately with the ever accelerating effects of the global climate crisis, instances of the ground surface shifting drastically due to the movement of rocks and other subsurface structure is only increasing. This phenomenon, known as ‘lithospheric movement’ can have devastating consequences, such as: loss of property, displacement of native wildlife, and/or widespread damage to infrastructure.
Lithospheric movement is a more general term for the horizontal or vertical shifting of the rocks and other hard structures which form the outermost layer of the Earths surface, otherwise known as the lithosphere. This layer is made up of many different types of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, which can range in size from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. The movement of these rocks is driven by a combination of factors, including: changes in temperature, pressure and seismic activity.
Some common examples of lithospheric movement are: tectonic plate movement, mountain formation, sediment transport and landslides. Plate tectonics is the combination of the movements of the different plates of the Earths lithosphere. As these plates move, they can produce volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain building. These plates can also be responsible for the sediment transport of smaller pieces of rock, which can cause land slippage and landslides.
Other factors can also contribute to lithospheric movement. For example, temperature changes or variations in the Earths gravity field can cause the rocks and other subsurface material to move around. This can lead to soil erosion, shift in water flow and sediment buildup. In addition, water pressure can cause subsurface erosion, which can cause the ground surface to move as well.
Lithospheric movement can cause great damage, especially in areas with structures built on top of it. These structures can include houses, bridges, dams and other infrastructure. The movement of the ground can cause them to become unstable, potentially resulting in damage and even collapse. In some cases, this movement can also cause large areas to suddenly become flooded, as changes in water flow can cause water to overflow its banks.
Moreover, lithospheric movement can also cause mass displacements of animals living in the area, as their habitats may become extirpated. If the movement is drastic and sudden, this can cause permanent changes in the species composition of the area, as some species may choose to migrate elsewhere.
Fortunately, methods exist which can accurately predict the likelihood of lithospheric movements in a given area. This can help governments and other organizations in making informed decisions on where to build certain structures and facilities. In addition, the use of geotechnical engineering can also be used to build structures which are better prepared to withstand the effects of lithospheric movements.
In conclusion, lithospheric movements are an ever increasing phenomenon due to the effects of climate change, and can have huge impacts on the environment and infrastructure. Fortunately, methods exist which can help anticipate and plan for these changes, which can help minimize the damage caused by them.
