Functional Copper Alloys
Copper is one of the oldest and most widely used metals in history. Its ductility, malleability, corrosion resistance and ability to conduct electricity make it an ideal material for a vast array of applications. Through the addition of other elements, known as alloying, the properties of copper can be enhanced to meet the specific requirements of a particular application.
The first use of copper alloys dates back to the Bronze Age, when copper was alloyed with tin to make bronze. In the Iron Age, brass (a copper-zinc alloy) was developed and used to manufacture weapons and tools. Today, copper alloys are used in a wide range of applications, from coins and jewelry to telecommunications, aerospace and automotive components.
Copper alloys are classified by their main alloying element, such as aluminum bronze (aluminum, copper and nickel) or phosphorus bronze (copper, tin and phosphorus). Other alloys, such as cupronickel (copper and nickel) and gun metal (copper, zinc and tin), are also used. Each alloy has its own range of properties and benefits, making them suitable for different applications.
Aluminum bronzes are popular for their excellent strength and corrosion resistance. They are commonly used in marine environments and for high-pressure applications, such as valves and pump components. Aluminum bronzes typically contain between 8 and 11 percent aluminum, 3 to 7 percent nickel and up to 2.5 percent iron.
Phosphorus bronze is another popular type of copper alloy. It is used for its excellent strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, wear resistance, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. It is commonly used in electrical connectors, springs and bearing components. Phosphorus bronzes contain between 1 and 3 percent phosphorus, 1 to 5 percent zinc and up to 0.25 percent iron.
Other alloys, such as gun metal, are used for their wear resistance and machinability. Gun metal is often used for bearings and other components which require low friction. It usually contains between 87 and 90 percent copper, 4 and 6 percent tin and 1 to 4 percent zinc.
Cupronickel is a special type of copper-nickel alloy which contains between 30 and 50 percent nickel. It is known for its corrosion resistance and is often used for coins, ship propellers and marine hardware.
Functional copper alloys are essential in the manufacturing of many everyday items. From coins to bells and many other items, copper alloys can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the application. With so many different types of copper alloys to choose from, there is sure to be one that suits your needs.
