Common Faults and Troubleshooting Methods of Electric Motors
An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is one of the most widely used electrical equipment in the industrial and commercial fields. In the long-term use process, some common faults may occur. Therefore, it is important to understand the troubleshooting methods of these common faults so as to maintain the normal operation of electrical equipment.
Common fault 1: Insufficient voltage
When the voltage of the power supply is too low, the motor will work in a state of low working current and insufficient output torque, causing problems such as stoppage, overcurrent and fuse tripping. The symptom is that the motor runs slowly and overheats, and there is vibration when running. This can be solved by checking the power supply situation and adjusting the voltage.
Common fault 2: Bridge interconnection error
Sometimes the wrong bridge connection appears during the wiring, resulting in various single-phase and three-phase faults. The common phenomenon is that the motor does not start, overcurrent and excessive temperature rise, etc. The solution is to check the power source wiring and adjust the bridge wiring until the interconnection error is eliminated.
Common fault 3: Relay failure
The relay is the energy transfer switch. If the relay is damaged or aging, it will cause the motor to not start, overcurrent, too much temperature rise and other issues. The solution is to check the load of the motor and then replace or adjust the relay connectors.
Common fault 4: Short circuit
The short circuit problem in motor winding may arise due to insulation damage or poor line connection, resulting in a decrease in motor torque and output power. The corresponding phenomenon is that the motor emits smoke and sparks, particularly frequent in small motors. It can be solved by checking the motor circuit, wiring and then replacing the motor insulation that needs to be replaced.
Common fault 5: Abnormal noise
When the motor runs abnormally, it will produce abnormal noise, causing other problems in the normal operation of the electrical system. This kind of problem is related to bearing malfunction or bearing aging and damage. The ideal solution is to replace the bearing.
Common fault 6: Overcurrent tripping
The overcurrent tripping is mainly caused by poor copper line contact, overload, wafer stuck and other problems, resulting in a decrease in the efficiency of motor operation. For this kind of fault, it is necessary to check the wiring circuit, eliminate the sticking parts, adjust the contact pressure of the contact line and replace the power cord.
Common fault 7: High temperature rise
The high temperature rise of the motor is mainly caused by overload, single-phase load, aging of the insulation material or dust in the motor, causing the motor to overheat or even burn out the coil. The solution is to check the load power factor and then adjust the overload protection device.
In summary, these are some of the common troubleshooting methods of electric motors. It is important to understand these methods so that the quickly detect and fix issues that may arise in motor operation.
