Roller bearings are highly efficient components for mechanical applications. They are used for supporting, guiding and damping the rotational movement of moving parts, in rolling contact conditions. This article presents a review of roller bearings, their structural composition and types, different types of lubrication, their advantages and limitations.
Roller bearings are bearing components used in a variety of mechanical systems and applications to support or guide rotating components. These bearings consist of cylindrical or conical rollers, which roll along raceways (inner and outer rings) to provide low friction and longer service life of a system. Because of the contact between the rollers and the raceways, the rotational motion of the components is dampened and supported, while the roller bearing provides load-bearing and motion-dampening capabilities.
Roller bearings come in various types, such as tapered, cylindrical, and needle roller bearings. Tapered roller bearings are typically found in car wheel bearings, and conveyor and agricultural machine applications. Cylindrical roller bearings are frequently employed in conveyor, machine tool, and machining centers, and needle roller bearings are commonly used in sewing machines, pumps, and electric motors.
Roller bearings are available with external or internal lubrication. Rolling element bearings with internal lubrication are typically called ‘sealed roller bearings’, and those with an external lubricator are called ‘open roller bearings’. The bearing size and shape depend on the application, and for industrial use, typically employed materials include steel, plastic, ceramic, and HNBR elastomers.
Roller bearings offer great advantages over other types of bearings, including higher load carrying capacity and longer life. They also reduce noise and vibration, and enhance efficient operation. Most roller bearings are also relatively low cost and easy to maintain.
However, roller bearings do have some disadvantages compared to other bearings. Firstly, they are more sensitive to shock and misalignment and require regular maintenance. Secondly, since these bearings involve contact between the rollers and raceways, wear and fatigue can occur, resulting in poor performance.
Overall, roller bearings are an efficient and cost-effective solution for many mechanical applications. Their unique design allows them to support and dampen rotational motion and provide minimal friction and longer service life. With proper maintenance and lubrication, roller bearings can provide reliable performance, even in demanding and tough applications.
