Realism and its Role in International Relations Theory
Realism is an influential theory in international relations. It is rooted in the writings of Thucydides, Hobbes and Machiavelli, from which the theories of classical realists are derived (Nardin, 2016). As it continues to be debated, realism has sparked intense discussions, making it a subject of great scrutiny and criticism.
In terms of its application in international political practice, realism has been used in the ongoing attempts of states to secure the ‘national interests’. Realists consider this primary focus as fundamental to dealing with international affairs. It is argued that the theory deals with the distribution of power and ways in which international interests are managed and safeguarded by states. Realists tend to favour a decentralized international system, as they understand realpolitik to be the natural state within international politics (Clark & Holsti, 2016). Here, it is believed that individual states act autonomously, without considering the interests of other states.
While the goals that realism seeks to attain are admirable, the actual approaches implemented to meet those goals are often criticized. Due to the lack of consideration for other states’ interests, realists are considered to favour selfish means of securing one’s own state’s interests. This is done by utilizing strategies of distinction and isolation (Nardin, 2016).
The realist theory is also criticized for its emphasis on security and military power. It is assumed that the state’s best interest can be preserved and secured through coercive strength and control, instead of political and diplomatic deplomacy. This notion of militarization has sparked debates in international political arena, for it is believed that international security cannot be attained simply through military capabilities and strength of one state (Clark & Holsti, 2016).
The proponents of realism not only focus on security, they also emphasize the importance of a strong, central government. Realists strive to establish a form of order based upon the notion that a powerful state should lead the way in international politics (Nardin, 2016). Here, realists disregard forms of international cooperation in attempts to maintain safety and stability in international relations.
While realism plays a central role in international relations, the effects of the theory’s doctrines are questionable. For example, its reliance on military power and a centralizing approach may be dangerous when adopted without consideration for other states’ interests and preferences. Although the theory is used in contemprary international affairs, scholars have charged that its approach is outdated, detrimental and often disregards aspects of international cooperation that are vital to international stability (Clark & Holsti, 2016).
Realism plays a prominent role in international relations. It has been used to help further states’ national interests, though its approach is often criticized for disregarding the interests of other states. As well, its reliance on militarization and centralizing government is seen as detrimental to international stability. Despite this, the theory continues to be debated, showing that its impact on international politics remains highly influential in the modern world.
References
Clark, I. & Holsti, K. J. (Eds.). (2016). International Relations Theory: Discipline and Diversity. Oxford University Press.
Nardin, T. (2016). Intervention and War. In I. Clark & K. J. Holsti (Eds.), International Relations Theory: Discipline and Diversity (pp. 275-295).Oxford University Press.
