Introduction
Electric transmission systems involve the transfer of electrical energy from a source to an end user, typically through the transmission and distribution of electrical power. Systems may involve simple wiring, or complex power electronic and control systems. Electrical transmission systems are used in a variety of applications, ranging from home to industrial, and from automotive to telecommunication.
The purpose of an electrical transmission system is to transmit or transfer electrical energy between two components, or points. The system is composed of components typically referred to as “links” or “sections”. Each link provides an interface between two components for the transmission of the electrical energy, along with power control, current protection, and voltage regulation.
The components used in any transmission system are dependent upon the specific applications they are intended for. In general, the most common components found in electrical transmission systems are transformers, electrical motors, switches, inductors, circuit breakers, and a variety of control systems.
Transformers
Transformers are used to convert electrical energy from one voltage level to another. The transformer will typically step-up (increase voltage) or step-down (decrease voltage) the energy. Transformers are typically used to transfer electrical energy from a higher voltage source to a lower voltage destination. This is generally done to reduce energy loss due to line resistance and prevent damage to components.
Electrical Motors
Electric motors are used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. They draw power from an electrical supply, convert it to mechanical motion, and regulate the output power with the use of a controller. Motors are used in a wide range of applications, from driving machinery to powering vehicles.
Switches
Switches are used to control the flow of electrical energy in a system. They allow for a circuit to be opened or closed in order to start or stop the flow of energy. Switches are also used to disconnect power from certain parts of a system, as well as to control the level of power delivered to a given component.
Inductors
Inductors are used to store and release energy in an electrical system. These components are generally used to increase the current or voltage in a system, as well as to regulate the power delivered to a given component.
Circuit Breakers
Circuit breakers are used to protect electrical systems from overloads. They are generally used to prevent damage to the system in case of a power surge or an increase in current. Circuit breakers can also be used to control the level of power delivered to a given component or system.
Control Systems
Control systems are used to monitor, operate, and regulate the various components in an electrical transmission system. They are generally programmed to respond to certain conditions in order to optimize the performance of the system. Control systems come in a variety of styles, ranging from simple switches to more complex systems such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).
Conclusion
The electrical transmission systems are a necessary component in any control system as they allow for the transfer of energy across components and systems. The components used in an electrical transmission system vary depending on the application. The most common components found in electrical transmission systems are transformers, electric motors, switches, inductors, circuit breakers, and a variety of control systems. Control systems provide the interface between the components and ensure the proper operations of the components.
