Design Theory and Key Technologies for CNC Parallel Machine Tools
Abstract: CNC parallel machine tools are the most easily automated mechanical processing equipment, which can fully or partially replace manual assembly with flexible and efficient program control. CNC parallel machine tools have been widely studied and used in the mechanical processing industry due to its wide range of applications, high efficiency and manufacturing accuracy. This paper will focus on the design theory and key technologies of CNC parallel machine tools, including the basic components and structure, programming language, machining accuracy and service life of CNC parallel machine tools, as well as the application advantages of CNC parallel machine tools.
Keywords: CNC parallel machine tools, design theory, key technology
1 Introduction
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) parallel machine tools are the most extensively used automated machine tools in mechanical processing industry, due to their high precision and strong automation capability. The so-called parallel machine tools refer to the arrangement of machine tools in accordance with a certain parallel principle to separate it from the traditional serial machine tools. CNC parallel machine tools can be used in machining fixtures, mold making, surface grinding and other fields. The design theory and key technologies of CNC parallel machine tools play an important role in the efficient and precise processing of these mechanical processes.
2 Design Theory
2.1 Basic Composition and Structure
The basic components and structure of CNC parallel machine tools include mechanical components, hydraulic components, electrical components, transmission components, cooling machine components, etc. The basic composition of CNC parallel machine tools mainly includes CNC system, turret, tool magazine, spindle, feed axis, cooling system, chuck and drive system. The mechanical structure includes bed, column and spindle headframe. Bed is the basic structure, which is fixed on the foundation, and spindle headframe is raised and lowered in the column frame by the elevating mechanism. The spindle head is the main driving part of CNC parallel machine tool, whose motor is connected with the transmission mechanism to power the spindle rotation. The transmission mechanism includes gearbox, wedge belt and synchronous belt.
2.2 Programming Language
Programming is the core of CNC programming. The CNC parallel machine tools programming language is the program code instruction that drives the movement of the machine tool. The most commonly used programming language for CNC parallel machine tools is Fanuc G code, which is a simple and intuitive programming language. Other languages can also be used, such as ISO, Heidenhain, Mazatrol and so on. These different programming languages have different commands which can achieve a different effect.
2.3 Machining Accuracy
The machining accuracy of CNC parallel machine tools is an important index to assess their performance. The main factors influencing the precision of CNC parallel machine tool are machining feed rate and the quality of transmission components. The machining accuracy of CNC parallel machine tools is affected by the machining feed rate, and the higher the machining feed rate, the lower the precision. It is necessary to select high-quality transmission components, such as high-precision bearing and accurate gear, to effectively reduce the inaccuracy of machining.
2.4 Service Life
The service life of CNC parallel machine tools is mainly determined by the selection of materials for structural components, the use environment, operator and other factors. The samples selected for structural components of CNC parallel machine tools should be from established machining material suppliers, and the environment of the CNC parallel machine tool should be clean, dry and dust-free. Proper maintenance and reasonable use are also important measures to ensure the service life of CNC parallel machine tools.
3 Key Technologies
3.1 Automation
The wide application of CNC parallel machine tools is inseparable from its strong automation. Automation can greatly improve the working efficiency of CNC parallel machine tools and reduce the labor intensity of workers. Automation of CNC parallel machine tools mainly includes automatic tool changers and automatic power changers.
3.2 Tool Storage System
The tool storage system of CNC parallel machine tools is the core technology of modern processing. The tool storage system of CNC parallel machine tools includes tool magazine and tool changer, which can store and change a large number of commonly used tools, greatly improving the processing capacity of CNC parallel machine tools.
3.3 Precision Feeding
Precise feeding is an important technology for modern CNC parallel machine tools. Achieving precise feeding of CNC parallel machine tools mainly depends on the choice of transmission components, such as electronic numerical control, cam, rotary encoder, servo motor, etc.
3.4 Fire Retardant and Anti-electricity Stealing
For CNC parallel machine tools, it is necessary to install the fire retardant and anti-electricity stealing systems to ensure the safety of the equipment.
4 Application Advantages
CNC parallel machine tools are widely used in mold processing, surface grinding and other fields. The application of CNC parallel machine tools in these fields has the following advantages:
4.1 Automation
CNC parallel machine tools have strong automation, which can reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency.
4.2 High Efficiency
CNC parallel machine tools have high machining efficiency, and can process complex curved and linear surfaces with high precision.
4.3 High Quality
CNC parallel machine tools can achieve high machining accuracy and guarantee the quality of processed parts.
5 Conclusion
CNC parallel machine tools are widely used in various fields due to their strong automation, high efficiency and high quality processing. The design theory and key technologies of CNC parallel machine tools are the foundation of their practical application. This paper mainly discussed the design theory, key technologies, and application advantages of CNC parallel machine tools. Through summarizing and analyzing these contents, it is expected to help people understand the design theory and key technologies of CNC parallel machine tools, as well as help them reasonably select CNC parallel machine tools for their own applications.
