Groupthink
Groupthink is defined as an approach to problem solving characterized by overly harmonious group dynamics that prevent effective and thorough analysis of the issues at hand. It is a phenomenon that occurs when a group of people collectively make decisions without considering the facts and arguments or without evaluating the potential outcomes. Groupthink is a form of negative group dynamics, characterized by the desire for harmony, consensus, and conformity.
Groupthink often leads to poor decision making and can cause groups to overlook potential problems and disregard alternative solutions. It can typically be avoided by encouraging open and honest dialogue between members of a group and allowing for a wide range of ideas from a variety of perspectives.
The concept of groupthink was first proposed by social psychologist Irving Janis in 1971 in an effort to explain why certain decisions of high profile, failed initiatives often happened among groups of highly intelligent and talented individuals. Janis found that members of influential decision-making groups often had a strong tendency to emphasize agreement rather than individual differences and dissent. Groupthink had become an important topic of discussion in psychology by the 1980s and 1990s.
Groupthink is particularly evident in group decision-making scenarios. It occurs when, in an effort to all agree, members of the group disregard their own individual thoughts and opinions, silence themselves, and conform to the will of the majority. This can lead to the members of the group becoming narrow minded and fixated on one idea, without weigh the consideration of alternate opinions.
Thus, a major component of groupthink is in regards to the extent to which people within a group are willing to express their opinion, particularly if it is not in agreement with the majority. When there is an atmosphere where open communication is discouraged and individuals feel that their opinion may be attacked or less valued, groupthink can be more likely to occur.
Groupthink is further compounded when groups strive for too much consensus, as this often results in the neglect of important information which could help contributes to making better, more informed decisions. It is therefore important that members of a group take their time to carefully evaluate all possible options rather than hastily and blindly choosing an answer that is appealing to all members.
Groupthink can have dangerous consequences in a variety of areas, including occupations that require making important decisions. If a group becomes overly dependent on a single opinion without considering alternate solutions, the organization may be exposed to great risks and potential dangers. For this reason, it is important for teams to create a culture of open dialogue and to actively seek different perspectives from all members. This can help to decrease the chances of groupthink and increase the chances of productive and successful decision making.
